Every gift exchange has a moment when the party could go either way.
In White Elephant, it comes at the end. The last box is open, and a dozen people stand around holding a candle, a novelty mug and a bag of coffee nobody asked for. In Secret Santa, it comes sooner, when you tear the paper off a present from someone in accounting while the whole room watches your face.
The gifts that save the party do one more thing. They get opened, and then they get played before anyone goes home.
Chapter 11873–1908
Why it’s called a white elephant
The name comes from a story about a king. As the legend goes, the King of Siam, today’s Thailand, gave rare white elephants to courtiers who had displeased him, so that the cost of keeping the animals would ruin them. A white elephant was sacred, so you couldn’t put it to work or pass it on. In 1873, The New York Times described it as a burden you couldn’t get rid of and couldn’t afford to keep.
It almost certainly never happened. The Thai historian Rita Ringis found that no king of Siam thought of white elephants as a burden, let alone gave them away. In Buddhist tradition, they stood for status and good fortune.
The party itself is an American invention. In 1901, a Kentucky newspaper, the Hartford Herald, described a swap party where guests brought little bundles wrapped so nobody could guess what was inside. Early swap parties handed out prizes for the best bargain and the worst one, and whoever went home with the worst gift had to tell a story or sing a song for the room.
The name came six years later, in a joke. In 1907, a Nebraska newspaper ran the story of a hostess who invited her friends to a white elephant party and asked each guest to bring something she couldn’t use but couldn’t bear to throw away. The punchline: “Nine out of the 11 women invited brought their husbands.” Newspapers across the country reprinted the joke, and by 1908 the society pages were announcing real white elephant parties.
The game hasn’t changed much since. Only the name depends on where you live: in New England, it’s a Yankee Swap, and in the South, it’s Dirty Santa.
Chapter 2Sweden → Kansas City
Where Secret Santa came from
Secret Santa is often traced to Sweden. The Swedish word for a Christmas present, julklapp, means “Christmas knock.” It comes from an old custom. On Christmas Eve, you knocked on someone’s door and threw in a piece of wood or a carved doll as a joke gift. The gifts came with rhymes that teased whoever got them. Swedes still write a julklappsrim on the gift tag, a short poem that hints at what’s inside.
The most famous Secret Santa of all never drew a name from a hat. Starting in 1979, a Kansas City businessman named Larry Stewart spent his Decembers handing cash to strangers in thrift stores, diners and parking lots. He gave $5 and $10 bills at first and later $100 bills. He kept his name a secret for 26 years and gave away about $1.3 million. He revealed who he was in November 2006, while fighting cancer, and died that January at 58.
Try a julklappsrim
Here’s a Swedish-style gift rhyme of our own. Can you guess what’s in the box?
The shoppers are cheerful, the tree’s shining bright,
But the big blow-up Santa looks thinner tonight.
Fit a thousand small pieces, then open the case:
Who let all the air out of Santa’s round face?
Unwrap it ↓
It’s the Christmas Mall puzzle. You’ll find it at No. 5 on the White Elephant list.
How to play, the short version
White Elephant
- Everyone brings one wrapped gift under the agreed limit.
- Draw numbers.
- No. 1 picks a gift from the pile and opens it.
- Every player after that can open a new gift or steal one that’s already open.
- Whoever loses a gift steals another one or opens a new one. No stealing straight back.
- After its third steal, a gift is frozen and stays put.
- Once the pile is gone, No. 1 gets one last chance to swap.
House rule from 1901: whoever ends up with the worst gift tells a story or sings a song.
Secret Santa
- Draw names a week or two before the party.
- Agree on one spending limit.
- Ask everyone to write down one thing they’d like.
- Open the gifts together, then let everyone guess who drew their name.
Step 3 is the one people skip, and it matters most. Francesca Gino of Harvard Business School and Frank Flynn of Stanford ran a series of studies on this. People liked gifts they had asked for more than surprises, and even rated them as more thoughtful. The givers expected the opposite. The researchers’ advice is to skip the long wish list and name one big wish.
Don’t stress about the limit, either. In earlier studies, Flynn and Gabrielle Adams found that people weren’t any happier with expensive gifts than with cheaper ones, even though givers expected them to be.
The White Elephant pile: gifts worth stealing
A good White Elephant gift makes sense from across the room in about two seconds, and it’s good enough that someone will want to take it. A great one gets played before the party’s over.
1A party game that keeps the party going
In What’s The Sound?, you draw a card, roll the Mode Die and make a sound while your team races the sand timer to guess it. The 180 cards hold 330 challenges, from animal noises and city sounds to awkward situations and character impressions. They’re split into six categories, each with easy and hard levels. It takes less time to explain than a steal does. Open it after the last gift, split the room in two, and the exchange turns into the second game of the night. There’s also a version with 100 challenges.
To: the whole room
What’s The Sound?
See the game →
2The gift that gets played right away
Don’t BEE Last takes about a minute to learn: everyone slaps the card, and whoever slaps last loses. The deck has 72 cards for two to six players ages 7 and up, and a game lasts 10 to 20 minutes. That’s short enough for the person who unwraps it to deal a round before the next number is called, and it gives everyone a reason to steal it.
To: the fastest hand
Don’t BEE Last
See the game →
3A deck that starts the right kind of argument
What Would You Choose? Hilarious Situations packs more than 500 funny and awkward scenarios onto 95 cards, for two or more players. You read a card, pick an option and defend your answer to the whole table. At an office party, it’s the easiest way to learn something new about the people you see every day without anyone oversharing.
To: whoever argues best
What Would You Choose? Hilarious Situations
See the game →
4Music trivia for a room full of different decades
An office party might have a 23-year-old intern and someone who bought the ’90s hits on CD. Who Knows Hits Better? gives them both rounds to win. It has more than 500 questions and challenges, with rounds like Name the Artist, Sing It or Lose It, and True or False. The songs come from the ’90s, the 2000s and the recent charts. Sing It or Lose It also takes care of the 1901 rule. There’s a Hip-Hop & R&B edition, too.
To: every decade in the room
Who Knows Hits Better?
See the game →
5The one that gets frozen
Every White Elephant has one gift that gets stolen until the rules make it stop. Our bet is the Christmas Mall puzzle. It’s a 1,000-piece picture of a busy shopping mall with an ice rink, a giant tree and an inflatable Santa who is mysteriously losing air. Once it’s built, there are 365 hidden secrets to find and a case to solve, with a detective folder and suspect cards. Finished, it measures 31.5 by 23.5 inches. Most people take five to 10 hours to build one of these puzzles, and it’s recommended for ages 15 and up.
To: whoever steals it last
Christmas Mall
See the puzzle →
6A card game for the sports fan
The Fast-Paced Football Card Game skips turns entirely. Everyone plays at the same time, racing to match numbers from 1 to 8, with wild 5s for a twist. The rules take about three minutes to learn, and a game lasts around 20. The same game comes in soccer, baseball, basketball, hockey, tennis and golf. That makes for a good fight when the football fan unwraps the soccer one.
To: the sports fan
Fast-Paced Football Card Game
See the game →
The Secret Santa list, sorted by whose name you drew
A Secret Santa gift doesn’t need to be a surprise. It needs to get used. If your person wrote down a wish, start there. If not, here’s what we’d pick.
7To: the coworker you barely know
You don’t need to know their hobbies to give Stoicism Cards: Marcus Aurelius. Each of the 122 cards has a quote, a plain-English explanation and a small exercise to try that day, and a wooden stand keeps the day’s card on the desk. At one card a morning, the deck lasts well into spring. They’ll remember who drew their name long after the party.
For your desk
Stoicism Cards: Marcus Aurelius
See the cards →
8To: the coworker who always wins trivia night
Every office has one. Trivia Card Games for Adults & Teens: World Facts has 300 questions to test them. If they’re more of a science person, try the Science Facts edition, which has 300 questions on strange discoveries, experiments, inventions, space and biology. Either one fits in a desk drawer and comes out at lunch.
For lunch breaks
Trivia for Adults & Teens: World Facts
See the game →
9To: the couple
In a family exchange, you’ll sometimes draw half of a couple. Give them something for two. Couples Card Game Quick Fire has 475 playful prompts on 95 cards, made for two. There are no rules to learn, and the deck fits in a coat pocket on date night. Psychologists have found that taking turns with gradually more personal questions brings people closer than small talk does.
For date night
Couples Card Game Quick Fire
See the game →
10To: the youngest cousin
For a kid between 4 and 8, the Go Fish Card Game trades the plain deck for colorful fish, plays with two to six people and comes in a 3.5 by 2.4-inch box. Deal the first hand before the wrapping paper hits the floor, and the grown-ups will get pulled in, too. For a bigger gift, the 6 Pack Original Card Games adds Crazy 8, Old Maid, War, Slap Jack and Memory Match, each in its own small box.
Open me first!
Go Fish Card Game
See the game →
11To: the teenager
A teen in a family exchange is used to losing trivia to the grown-ups. Who Knows Generations Better? gives Boomers, Gen X, Millennials, Gen Z and Gen Alpha rounds of their own. Its six mini decks hold 600 questions on 300 cards about trends, history, science, entertainment, sports and pop culture. For once, the Gen Z round belongs to them. For more on mixed-age game nights, read what happens when four generations play the same game.
For the Gen Z round
Who Knows Generations Better?
See the game →
12To: the person you know nothing about
Sometimes you draw a name and draw a blank. In the same Gino and Flynn research, people valued money more than even the gifts they’d asked for, though givers assumed cash would be the least appreciated. A QUOKKA Gift Card comes in three amounts and arrives by email right away, with no extra fees. It works even if you remember on the morning of the party.
Spend it on anything
QUOKKA Gift Card
Get a gift card →
Keep the 1901 rule
The first swap parties didn’t end when the last bundle was open. They ended with a song from whoever got the worst bargain. That’s still the best way to finish a gift exchange: everyone at the same table, playing something one of them just unwrapped.
The best White Elephant gift isn’t the one that got stolen the most. It’s the one with six people around it at midnight. And the best Secret Santa gift is the one your coworker is still using in March.
For smaller gifts, here are 13 stocking stuffers for kids, teens and adults. For bigger buys, see our Black Friday gift ideas for kids and families. And if the family gets together before the exchange, try these Thanksgiving family games that bring everyone to the table.
Open the last box
Gift exchange questions
What is a good White Elephant gift?
It should be easy to understand from across the room, good enough to steal and fun to use at the party. Party games like What’s The Sound? or Don’t BEE Last get played right away. A 1,000-piece mystery puzzle like Christmas Mall tends to get stolen until it’s frozen.
What’s the difference between White Elephant and Secret Santa?
In Secret Santa, each person secretly draws one name and buys a gift for that person. In White Elephant, everyone brings one gift for a shared pile, and players take turns opening a new gift or stealing one that’s already open. A Secret Santa gift has to fit one person, while a White Elephant gift has to entertain the whole room.
What is a good Secret Santa gift for a coworker?
Pick something they’ll use without you needing to know them well, like a deck of Stoicism cards with a stand for the desk or a trivia game for lunch breaks. If they wrote down a wish, buy that. Research shows people find gifts they asked for more thoughtful than surprises.
Why is it called a White Elephant gift exchange?
The name comes from a legend about the King of Siam giving sacred white elephants to courtiers he disliked, because the animals were ruinously expensive to keep. Historians doubt it ever happened. The phrase “white elephant party” first appeared in a 1907 newspaper joke, and real parties followed in 1908.
How much should you spend on a gift exchange?
Set one limit that everyone can afford. Research suggests people don’t appreciate expensive gifts much more than cheaper ones, so a lower limit costs nothing in gratitude.
Still one name on the list?
Games and puzzles that get played before the party’s over

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